Recent Changes

Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. C. (1993). American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the
underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
"Scopes v. State." American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE52&iPin=E13550&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 21, 2013).
Primary Source Citation (Chicago Manual of Style format):

Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. C. (1993). American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the
underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
"Scopes v. State." American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE52&iPin=E13550&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 21, 2013).
Primary Source Citation (Chicago Manual of Style format):

Source:
http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0347_0483_ZS.html
Creed, Lori. "Brown v. Board of Education." In Winkler, Allan M., Charlene Mires, and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History: Postwar United States, 1946 to 1968, Revised Edition (Volume IX). New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2010.American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE52&iPin=EAHIX033&SingleRecord=True (accessed May 21, 2013).

Mr. Midora and Mrs. Zino's Wiki
Case: Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka

Impact Today
well supported.
Various African American groups fought for the desegregation and equal opportunity well throughout the 1970s with disappointing results in most cases. Institutional racism and the self interest of whites killed busing programs and integration plans leaving African Americans wary of the promises of Brown v. BOE.
problem now.
Sources:
Phillips, A. (Winter 2005). The struggle for school desegregation in Philadelphia 1955-1967.

Basic Facts
Who: Brown v. BOE of Topeka
9, 1952, rearguedre-argued December 8,
Where: Topeka, KS
Decision:

When: Argued: December 9, 1952, reargued December 8, 1953, and decided May 17, 1954
Where: Topeka, KS
Decision:
"Segregation of white and Negro children in the public schools of a State solely on the basis of race, pursuant to state laws permitting or requiring such segregation, denies to Negro children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment -- even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors of white and Negro schools may be equal. Pp. 486-496...Where a State has undertaken to provide an opportunity for an education in its public schools, such an opportunity is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. P. 493."
Source:

Works Cited
Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. C. (1993). American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass. Cambridge,
. MA: Harvard University Press.
Phillips, A. (Winter 2005). The struggle for school desegregation in Philadelphia 1955-1967.
Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, 72, 46-76. Retrieved from J-Stor
Arts and Sciences Collection database.

Impact Today
At first, the ruling of Brown v. BOE of Topeka resonated little in the northern cities, but by the early 1960s, this changed. Groups like the NAACP and other grassroots organizations began to fight segregation practices like redlining and the under funding of public schools in the cities where African Americans primarily resided in ghettos where racism would not allow African Americans to move to areas where schools were well supported.
Various African American groups fought for the desegregation and equal opportunity well throughout the 1970s with disappointing results in most cases. Institutional racism and the self interest of whites killed busing programs and integration plans leaving African Americans wary of the promises of Brown v. BOE.
Today, there are still ghettos in cities where the promise of education has been dashed. Though no one talks about desegregation and Brown v. BOE, this ruling failed because separation continues to be a problem now.
Sources:
Phillips, A. (Winter 2005). The struggle for school desegregation in Philadelphia 1955-1967.
Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, 72, 46-76. Retrieved from J-Stor
Arts and Sciences Collection database.
Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. C. (1993). American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the
underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.